Foundational Research Gaps and Future Directions for Digital Twins

Across multiple domains of science, engineering, and medicine, excitement is growing about the potential of digital twins to transform scientific research, industrial practices, and many aspects of daily life. A digital twin couples computational models with a physical counterpart to create a system that is dynamically updated through bidirectional data flows as conditions change. Going beyond traditional simulation and modeling, digital twins could enable improved medical decision-making at the individual patient level, predictions of future weather and climate conditions over longer timescales, and safer, more efficient engineering processes. However, many challenges remain before these applications can be realized. This report identifies the foundational research and resources needed to support the development of digital twin technologies. The report presents critical future research priorities and an interdisciplinary research agenda for the field, including how federal agencies and researchers across domains can best collaborate. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Digital Twin Landscape3 Virtual Representation: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities4 The Physical Counterpart: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities5 Feedback Flow from Physical to Virtual: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities6 Feedback Flow from Virtual to Physical: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities7 Toward Scalable and Sustainable Digital Twins8 Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendasAppendix C: Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Atmospheric and Climate Sciences: Proceedings of a Workshop—in BriefAppendix D: Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in BriefAppendix E: Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop—in BriefAppendix F: Committee Member Biographical InformationAppendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations