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Millstones of The Pennines and North West England

Af: Dr David Johnson Engelsk Paperback

Millstones of The Pennines and North West England

Af: Dr David Johnson Engelsk Paperback
Tjek vores konkurrenters priser
Ever since people began cultivating cereal crops 10,000 years ago grain had to be ground down, or milled, into flour to make bread. Up to the Roman period in Britain this could only be done using simple hand querns but, over time, technology improved by introducing circular, horizontal millstones powered by water or wind. Other trades needed the means to crush raw materials to produce their final product: vertical grindstones were used to crush bark for use in tanning, pulp softwood timber to make paper, crush apples for cider, or pulverise gorse for animal fodder.Millstones and grindstones were roughed out in small quarries and on hillsides wherever suitable stone outcropped, and the evidence of this rural industry can be teased out by examining abandoned ‘roughouts’ that litter many upland areas and by searching for tooling marks.This book explores production sites across North West England and along the Pennine chain, where millstones and grindstones were sourced from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century.
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Ever since people began cultivating cereal crops 10,000 years ago grain had to be ground down, or milled, into flour to make bread. Up to the Roman period in Britain this could only be done using simple hand querns but, over time, technology improved by introducing circular, horizontal millstones powered by water or wind. Other trades needed the means to crush raw materials to produce their final product: vertical grindstones were used to crush bark for use in tanning, pulp softwood timber to make paper, crush apples for cider, or pulverise gorse for animal fodder.Millstones and grindstones were roughed out in small quarries and on hillsides wherever suitable stone outcropped, and the evidence of this rural industry can be teased out by examining abandoned ‘roughouts’ that litter many upland areas and by searching for tooling marks.This book explores production sites across North West England and along the Pennine chain, where millstones and grindstones were sourced from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century.
Produktdetaljer
Sprog: Engelsk
Sider: 96
ISBN-13: 9781398112933
Indbinding: Paperback
Udgave:
ISBN-10: 1398112933
Kategori: Cheshire
Udg. Dato: 15 jul 2023
Længde: 13mm
Bredde: 234mm
Højde: 165mm
Forlag: Amberley Publishing
Oplagsdato: 15 jul 2023
Forfatter(e): Dr David Johnson
Forfatter(e) Dr David Johnson


Kategori Cheshire


ISBN-13 9781398112933


Sprog Engelsk


Indbinding Paperback


Sider 96


Udgave


Længde 13mm


Bredde 234mm


Højde 165mm


Udg. Dato 15 jul 2023


Oplagsdato 15 jul 2023


Forlag Amberley Publishing

Kategori sammenhænge