This open access book brings together research studies, developments, and application-related flash flood topics on wadi systems in arid regions. The major merit of this comprehensive book is its focus on research and technical papers as well as case study applications in different regions worldwide that cover many topics and answer several scientific questions. The book chapters comprehensively and significantly highlight different scientific research disciplines related to wadi flash floods, including climatology, hydrological models, new monitoring techniques, remote sensing techniques, field investigations, international collaboration projects, risk assessment and mitigation, sedimentation and sediment transport, and groundwater quality and quantity assessment and management. In this book, the contributing authors (engineers, researchers, and professionals) introduce their recent scientific findings to develop suitable, applicable, and innovative tools forforecasting, mitigation, and water management as well as society development under seven main research themes as follows:Part 1. Wadi Flash Flood Challenges and StrategiesPart 2. Hydrometeorology and Climate ChangesPart 3. Rainfall–Runoff Modeling and ApproachesPart 4. Disaster Risk Reduction and MitigationPart 5. Reservoir Sedimentation and Sediment YieldPart 6. Groundwater ManagementPart 7. Application and Case StudiesThe book includes selected high-quality papers from five series of the International Symposium on Flash Floods in Wadi Systems (ISFF) that were held in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020 in Japan, Egypt, Oman, Morocco, and Japan, respectively. These collections of chapters could provide valuable guidance and scientific content not only for academics, researchers, and students but also for decision-makers in the MENA region and worldwide.